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w WM9001 1w dual-mode class ab/d speaker driver wolfson microelectronics plc to receive regular email updates, sign up at http://www.wolfsonmicro.com/enews production data, march 2010, rev 4.1 copyright ? 2010 wolfson microelectronics plc description the WM9001 is a powerful, high quality speaker driver which can operate in class d or ab mode, providing total flexibility to the system designer. low leakage, high psrr and pop/click suppression enable direct battery connection to the speaker supply. rf noise suppression techniques and differential design are used to suppress undesired noise. a single-ended input option has been included for complete system flexibility. the device is enabled by setting a logic '1' on the en pin. the class d clock can be generated by an internal oscillator, or supplied from an external clock source. flexible speaker boost options (requiring no additional components) allow output volume to be maximised for various spkvdd/avdd combinations while minimising internal power consumption. the WM9001 is available in a 3x3mm qfn package, ideal for portable systems such as mobile phones, portable navigation devices, media players, laptop computers and electronic dictionaries. features ? class d and ab speaker driver modes for flexibility ? speaker driver provides 1w into 8 ? at <0.1% thd ? snr 102db (class ab), 97db (class d) ? differential and single-ended input modes ? >80db psrr @ 217hz ( spkvdd) ? <1 a typical leakage with direct battery connection ? filterless speaker connection ? fully differential architecture (differential mode) ? pop/click suppression ? rf noise suppression ? fully compatible with wolfson codecs including wm8990 / wm8991 ? internal oscillator or external clock source ? thermal shutdown protection ? 3x3mm qfn package applications ? mobile phones ? portable navigation devices ? portable media players ? laptop computers and portable gaming devices ? electronic dictionaries ? general-purpose high quality speaker amplifier block diagram
WM9001 production data w pd, march 2010, rev 4.1 2 table of contents description ....................................................................................................... 1 features............................................................................................................. 1 applications ..................................................................................................... 1 block diagram ................................................................................................. 1 table of contents ......................................................................................... 2 pin configuration ........................................................................................... 3 ordering information .................................................................................. 3 pin description ................................................................................................ 4 absolute maximum ratings ......................................................................... 5 recommended operating conditions ..................................................... 5 thermal performance ................................................................................. 6 power de-rating ............................................................................................. 7 electrical characteristics ...................................................................... 8 terminology ............................................................................................................. 9 typical power consumption .................................................................... 10 speaker driver performance ................................................................. 11 class d mode .......................................................................................................... 11 class ab mode ........................................................................................................ 11 psrr performance ....................................................................................... 12 efficiency ........................................................................................................ 13 audio signal paths ....................................................................................... 14 device description ....................................................................................... 15 introduction .......................................................................................................... 15 power on reset .................................................................................................... 15 enable ....................................................................................................................... 15 input signal path .................................................................................................. 16 sync .......................................................................................................................... . 16 speaker driver mode select ............................................................................ 17 signal boost control ........................................................................................ 17 thermal shutdown .............................................................................................. 18 rf noise suppression .......................................................................................... 18 pops / click suppression ................................................................................... 18 applications information ......................................................................... 19 typical stand-alone usage ............................................................................... 19 typical usage with wm8991 codec ................................................................. 20 speaker selection ............................................................................................... 21 pcb layout considerations .............................................................................. 22 recommended external components ........................................................... 23 package dimensions .................................................................................... 24 important notice .......................................................................................... 25 address .................................................................................................................... 25
production data WM9001 w pd, march 2010, rev 4.1 3 pin configuration the WM9001 is supplied in a 3mm x 3mm 16 pin qfn package qfn ordering information device minimum order quantity temperature range package moisture sensitivity level peak soldering temperature qfn WM9001gefl 164 -40 c to 85 c qfn msl 1 260 c qfn WM9001gefl/r 3500 -40 c to 85 c qfn msl 1 260 c
WM9001 production data w pd, march 2010, rev 4.1 4 pin description pin no name type description 16 inp_sel digital input audio input mode select 15 lip analogue input positive differential input 14 en enable device enable input 13 lin analogue input negative differential input 12 bsel2 digital input signal boost control[2] 11 bsel1 digital input signal boost control[1] 10 bsel0 digital input signal boost control[0] 9 vmid analogue output midrail voltage decoupling capacitor 8 avdd supply analogue supply 7 cdmode digital in class ab/d mode select 6 agnd supply analogue supply ground 5 sync digital input class d clock input 4 voutn analogue output speaker negative output 3 spkgnd supply speaker driver supply ground 2 spkvdd supply speaker driver supply 1 voutp analogue output speaker positive output
production data WM9001 w pd, march 2010, rev 4.1 5 absolute maximum ratings absolute maximum ratings are stress ratings only. permanent damage to the device may be caused by continuously operating at or beyond these limits. device functional operating limits and guaranteed performance specifications are given under electrical characteristics at the test conditions specified. esd sensitive device. this device is manufactured on a cmos process. it is therefore generically susceptible to damage from excessive static voltages. proper esd precautions must be taken during handling and storage of this device. wolfson tests its package types according to ipc/jedec j-std-020b for moisture sensitivity to determine acceptable storage conditions prior to surface mount assembly. these levels are: msl1 = unlimited floor life at <30 c / 85% relative humidity. not normally stored in moisture barrier bag. msl2 = out of bag storage for 1 year at <30 c / 60% relative humidity. supplied in moisture barrier bag. msl3 = out of bag storage for 168 hours at <30 c / 60% relative humidity. supplied in moisture barrier bag. the moisture sensitivity level for each package type is specified in ordering information. condition min max avdd -0.3v +4.5v spkvdd -0.3v +7v digital inputs voltage range agnd -0.3v avdd +0.3v analogue inputs voltage range agnd -0.3v avdd +0.3v operating temperature range, t a -40oc +85oc junction temperature, t j -40oc +150oc storage temperature after soldering -65oc +150oc recommended operating conditions parameter symbol min typ max unit analogue supply avdd 2.7 3.6 v speaker supply spkvdd 2.7 5.5 v ground agnd, spkgnd 0 v notes: 1. analogue and speaker grounds must always be within 0.3v of each other. 2. all supplies are completely independent from each other (i.e. not internally connected). 3. avdd must be less than or equal to spkvdd. 4. spkvdd must be high enough to support the peak output voltage when using dcgain and acgain functions, to avoid output waveform clipping. peak output voltage is avdd*(dcgain+acgain)/2. 5. the en and sync pins are compatible with low voltage (eg. 1.8v) logic levels from external devices, and can accept logic 1 digital inputs as low as 1.6v, even though the WM9001 avdd supply minimum is 2.7v. this provides compatibility with a low voltage dvdd on a controlling device such as the wm8991 codec.
WM9001 production data w pd, march 2010, rev 4.1 6 thermal performance thermal analysis should be performed in the intended application to prevent the WM9001 from exceeding maximum junction temperature. several contributing factors affect thermal performance most notably the physical properties of the mechanical enclosure, location of the device on the pcb in relation to surrounding components and the number of pcb layers. connecting the gnd pins/paddle through thermal vias and into a large ground plane will aid heat extraction. three main heat transfer paths exist to surrounding air: - package top to air (radiation). - package bottom to pcb (radiation). - package pins/paddle/balls to pcb (conduction). the temperature rise t r is given by t r = p d * ? ja - p d is the power dissipated in the device. - ? ja is the thermal resistance from the junction of the die to the ambient temperature and is therefore a measure of heat transfer from the die to surrounding air. ? ja is determined with reference to jedec standard jesd51-9. the junction temperature t j is given by t j = t a +t r , where t a is the ambient temperature. parameter symbol min typ max unit operating temperature range t a -40 85 c operating junction temperature t j -40 100 c thermal resistance ? ja 52 c/w
production data WM9001 w pd, march 2010, rev 4.1 7 power de-rating the speaker driver has been designed to drive a maximum of 1w into 8 with a 5v supply. however, thermal restrictions defined by the package ? ja limit the amount of power that can be safely dissipated in the device without exceeding the maximum operating junction temperature. power dissipated in the device correlates directly with speaker efficiency, hence there are separate de-rating curves for class d and class ab operation. under no circumstances should the recommended maximum powers be exceeded. the de-rating curves in figure 1 are based on a sinusoidal input signal delivering a maximum output power of 1w into 8 . class d class ab p [w] t [oc] 80 70 60 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 spkvdd = 2.7v spkvdd = 3v spkvdd = 3.3v spkvdd = 3.6v spkvdd = 4.2v spkvdd = 5v spkvdd = 5.5v 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.2 55 65 75 85 figure 1 speaker power de-rating curves
WM9001 production data w pd, march 2010, rev 4.1 8 electrical characteristics test conditions avdd = 3.3v; spkvdd = 5v, t a = +25 o c, 1khz input signal, bsel[2:0] = 000 unless otherwise stated. parameter test conditions min typ max unit analogue input pins (lin, lip) maximum full-scale input signal level differential mode (inp_sel=0): this is the maximum on each input pin; the total differential input is 2x this figure. single-ended mode (inp_sel=1): this is the maximum on lip. note that the maximum signal level scales in proportion to avdd (avdd/3.3). 1.0 0 vrms dbv input resistance ? differential mode (inp_sel=0) gain=0db (bsel[2:0]=000) 160 k gain=2.1db (bsel[2:0]= 001) 123 k gain=2.9db (bsel[2:0]= 010) 112 k gain=3.6db (bsel[2:0]= 011) 103 k gain=4.5db (bsel[2:0]= 100) 94 k gain=5.1db (bsel[2:0]= 101) 87 k input resistance ? single-ended mode (inp_sel=1) all gain settings 20 k input capacitance 10 pf speaker driver performance snr (a-weighted) bsel[2:0] = 011 (1.52x) 8 bridge tied load class d mode differential and single-ended input modes 90 97 db thd (p o =0.5w) -92 -81 db thd+n (p o =0.5w) -87 -79 db thd (p o =1.0w) -83 -73 db thd+n (p o =1.0w) -78 -68 db snr (a-weighted) bsel[2:0] = 011 (1.52x) 8 bridge tied load class ab mode differential and single-ended input modes 94 102 db thd (p o =0.5w) -79 -70 db thd+n (p o =0.5w) -77 -68 db thd (p o =1.0w) -77 -70 db thd+n (p o =1.0w) -75 -68 db mute attenuation device disabled (en=0) 100 db common mode rejection ratio differential mode 50 db bandwidth 0 22 khz avdd psrr 100mv pk-pk ripple, 217hz 60 db spkvdd psrr 83 db dc offset at load 5 mv spkvdd leakage current en=0 0.3 a avdd leakage current en=0 9 a reference levels vmid midrail reference voltage -3% avdd/2 +3% v output common mode voltage (note: bsel[2:0]=110 and bsel[2:0]=111 are reserved settings) bsel[2:0] = 000 1.00 x vmid v bsel[2:0] = 001 1.27 x vmid bsel[2:0] = 010 1.40 x vmid bsel[2:0] = 011 1.52 x vmid bsel[2:0] = 100 1.67 x vmid bsel[2:0] = 101 1.80 x vmid
production data WM9001 w pd, march 2010, rev 4.1 9 test conditions avdd = 3.3v; spkvdd = 5v, t a = +25 o c, 1khz input signal, bsel[2:0] = 000 unless otherwise stated. parameter test conditions min typ max unit input / output (for hardware control) input high level ( bsel, cdmode) 0.7 avdd v input high level (en, sync) 1.6 v input low level 0.3 avdd v input capacitance 10 pf input leakage -0.9 0.9 ua oscillator free-running oscillator frequency 600 800 950 khz external clock frequency range 600 800 950 khz power-up time (based on recommended vmid capacitor value; these times will vary with different capacitors) class ab enable time vmid capacitor = 4.7 f 400 ms class d enable time vmid capacitor = 4.7 f 100 ms terminology 1. signal-to-noise ratio (db) ? snr is a measure of the difference in level between the maximum theoretical full scale output signal and the output with no input signal applied. 2. total harmonic distortion (db) ? thd is the level of the rms value of the sum of harmonic distortion products relative to the amplitude of the measured output signal. 3. total harmonic distortion plus noise (db) ? thd+n is the level of the rms value of the sum of harmonic distortion products plus noise in the specified bandwidth relative to the amplitude of the measured output signal. 4. all performance measurements carried out with 20khz low pass filter, and where noted an a-weighted filter. failure to use such a filter will result in higher thd and lower snr readings than are found in the electrical characteristics. the low pass filter removes out of band noise; although it is not audible it may affect dynamic specification values. 5. mute attenuation ? this is a measure of the difference in level between the full scale output signal and the output with mute applied.
WM9001 production data w pd, march 2010, rev 4.1 10 typical power consumption mode gain en cdmode sync inp_sel total (v) (ua) (v) (ua) (uw) off 0db0000002.70.020.054 en=0, avdd=0v 0db0000003.70.060.222 0db0000004.20.110.462 0db00000050.140.7 0db0000005.50.170.935 (v) (ua) (v) (ua) (uw) off standby 0db 00002.77.672.70.0220.763 en=0, avdd enabled 2.1db000038.163.70.0724.739 2.1db00003.38.914.20.129.823 3.6db00003.38.9350.3731.319 3.6db00003.69.755.50.6438.62 (v) (ma) (v) (ma) (mw) class ab speaker mode 0db 11002.70.32.73.4510.12 8 ? 2.1db110030.333.74.6918.35 2.1db11003.30.354.25.624.71 3.6db11003.30.3556.3733 3.6db11003.60.385.57.4242.16 class d speaker mode 0db10002.71.092.71.085.84 8 ? 2.1db100031.223.71.529.3 internal oscillator 2.1db10003.31.364.21.812.06 3.6db10003.31.3652.1515.23 3.6db10003.61.55.52.4218.74 class d speaker mode 0db 1 0 800khz 0 2.7 1.08 2.7 1.13 5.97 8 ? 2.1db 1 0 800khz 0 3 1.23 3.7 1.54 9.4 external oscillator 2.1db 1 0 800khz 0 3.3 1.37 4.2 1.76 11.91 3.6db 1 0 800khz 0 3.3 1.37 5 2.19 15.45 3.6db 1 0 800khz 0 3.6 1.52 5.5 2.47 19.06 (v) (ma) (v) (ma) (mw) class ab speaker mode 0.45w into 8 ? class ab speaker mode 0.2w into 8 ? class d speaker mode 1w into 8 ? class d speaker mode 0.5w into 8 ? 606.73 1180.18 3.6db10003.31.365120.45 722.26 3.6db10003.31.345235.15 1059.3 3.6db11003.30.355144.22 3.3 0.35 5 211.63 quiescent active 3.6db1100 avdd spkvdd battery leakage standby leakage note that the gain settings are determined by the bsel[2:0] values as follows: gain (db) gain (v) bsel[2] bsel[1] bsel[0] 0db 1.00x 0 0 0 2.1db 1.27x 0 0 1 2.9db 1.40x 0 1 0 3.6db 1.52x 0 1 1 4.5db 1.67x 1 0 0 5.1db 1.80x 1 0 1
production data WM9001 w pd, march 2010, rev 4.1 11 speaker driver performance the thd+n performance of the speaker driver is shown below for class ab mode and for class d mode. load r l = 8 ? + 22 h, frequency = 1khz. data is provided for four typical power supply /gain combinations: avdd spkvdd gain 2.7v 2.7v 0 db (x1.0) 3.0v 3.7v 2.1 db (x1.27) 3.3v 4.2v 2.1 db (x1.27) 3.3v 5.0v 3.6 db (x1.52) class d mode WM9001 thd+n ratio v output power class d 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 output power (w) thd+n ratio (%) spkvdd=5.0v, avdd=3.3v, gain=3.6db spkvdd=4.2v, avdd=3.3v, gain=2.1db spkvdd=3.7v, avdd=3.0v, gain=2.1db spkvdd=2.7v, avdd=2.7v, gain=0db figure 2 class d speaker performance class ab mode WM9001 thd+n ratio v output power class ab 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 output power (w) thd+n ratio (%) spkvdd=5.0v, avdd=3.3v, gain=3.6db spkvdd=4.2v, avdd=3.3v, gain=2.1db spkvdd=3.7v, avdd=3.0v, gain=2.1db spkvdd=2.7v, avdd=2.7v, gain=0db figure 3 class ab speaker performance
WM9001 production data w pd, march 2010, rev 4.1 12 psrr performance typical psrr versus frequency curves are provided below. the curves were produced by superimposing a 100mv pk-pk ripple onto a dc level at the supply pin and measuring rejection of this signal at the output. class ab spkvdd psrr class d spkvdd psrr WM9001 class ab spkvdd psrr avdd=3.3v, spkvdd=5.0v 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 2 4 6 8 101214161820 frequency (khz) psrr (db) differential mode single-emded mode WM9001 class d spkvdd psrr avdd=3.3v, spkvdd=5.0v 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 2 4 6 8 101214161820 frequency (khz) psrr (db) differential mode single-emded mode class ab avdd psrr class d avdd psrr WM9001 class ab avdd psrr avdd=3.3v, spkvdd=5.0v 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 02468101214161820 frequency (khz) psrr (db) differential mode single-emded mode WM9001 class d avdd psrr avdd=3.3v, spkvdd=5.0v 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 02468101214161820 frequency (khz) psrr (db) differential mode single-emded mode note: the measurement noise floor is at approximately 88db
production data WM9001 w pd, march 2010, rev 4.1 13 efficiency typical efficiency versus output power curves are provided below for both class ab and class d modes. class ab class d WM9001 class ab efficiency avdd=3.3v, spkvdd=5.0v, bsel[2:0]=011 (x1.52) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 output powe r (mw) efficiency (%) differential mode single-ended mode WM9001 class d efficiency avdd=3.3v, spkvdd=5.0v, bsel[2:0]=011 (x1.52) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 output power (mw) efficiency (%) differential mode single-ended mode
WM9001 production data w pd, march 2010, rev 4.1 14 audio signal paths the WM9001 speaker driver can operate in two modes: 1. inp_sel=0: takes a differential audio input and produces a differential class ab or class d output. the audio signal path is illustrated below. figure 4 differential mode audio signal paths 2. inp_sel=1: takes a single-ended audio input and produces a differential class ab or class d output. the audio signal path is illustrated below. figure 5 single-ended mode audio signal paths
production data WM9001 w pd, march 2010, rev 4.1 15 device description introduction the WM9001 is a powerful mono speaker driver, which can operate in class d or ab mode, providing total flexibility to the system designer. the WM9001 can deliver 1w in class d mode, figure 2 , or in class ab mode, figure 3, into an 8 load. the input can be configured either as a single channel differential line output offering good noise rejection characteristics, or as a single-ended line output for systems where there is no differential option. it can be used as a stand-alone device, or in conjunction with a codec such as the wm8991 or wm8990 to provide a complete stereo solution. the gain settings and speaker driver mode are configurable via the hardware control pins bsel[2:0] and cdmode. for stand-alone operation these pins are tied to logic 1/0. the class d amplifier requires a clock signal. an internal oscillator can be used for stand alone operation by tying the sync pin to logic 1/0. alternatively an external clock can be used by applying this signal to the sync pin. the en (enable) pin provides a controllable method for switching on/off the speaker outputs. the very small 3 x 3mm qfn packages make the WM9001 ideal for portable systems, such as mobile phones, portable navigation devices, media players, laptop computers and electronic dictionaries. power on reset the WM9001 includes an internal power-on reset (por) circuit which is used to reset the device into a default state at power up. the por circuit is controlled by the avdd power supply. note that there is no por on the spkvdd s upply. when the chip is powered down, the speaker driver outputs, spkp and spkn, become tri-state. enable the chip is enabled by a logic ?1? on the en pin. pin name description 14 en device enable input 0 = device disabled 1 = device enabled table 1 device enable control the en pin should be used to disable the device prior to removing the audio or clock (removing an external clock will not disable the output). when the chip is disabled, the speaker driver outputs become tri-state. the en pin is compatible with low voltage (eg. 1.8v) logic levels from external devices, and can accept logic 1 digital inputs as low as 1.6v, even though the WM9001 avdd supply minimum is 2.7v. this provides compatibility with a low voltage dvdd on a controlling device such as the wm8991 codec. ultra low quiescent current in the disabled state minimises extends battery life in this condition. the typical values of spkvdd current and avdd current in the disabled (standby) state are described in the electrical characteristics section.
WM9001 production data w pd, march 2010, rev 4.1 16 input signal path the line inputs to the WM9001 are identified as lip and lin on the pin diagram. these are a fully balanced differential input pair, with matched impedances on both terminals. the input stage of the WM9001 is driven by the voltage difference between these two pins. this results in a very low noise amplifier stage, as any common mode noise (unwanted signals that are present in equal amplitude on both pins) are cancelled out at the input and are not reproduced at the output. the lip input can also be configured as a single-ended line input ? see table 2 below. single-ended to differential conversion is carried out internally with the n channel input (normally lin) connected to an inverted version of the p channel (lip). in this configuration the lin pin should be connected to analogue ground. pin name description 16 inp_sel input mode select 0 = differential mode (lip/lin) 1 = single-ended mode (lip only) table 2 input mode control WM9001 inputs lip and lin are biased to vmid (equal to avdd/2) therefore dc-blocking capacitors are required when connecting non vmid reference input signals. the vmid pin must be decoupled externally ? see ?applications information? for more detail. sync in class d operation the WM9001 may be clocked using one of two methods. ? externally supplied clock to the sync pin (800khz typical). ? internal oscillator, allowing stand-alone operation of the device. the clock source selection is determined automatically by the WM9001 according to the status of the sync pin. if a clock signal is present on the sync pin, then this signal is automatically selected as the WM9001 clock source. if the clock signal is interrupted and this pin is pulled high or low, then the internal oscillator will be selected. it is not recommended to interrupt or change clock sources whilst the device is enabled. pin name description 5 sync class d pwm clock input constant 0 / 1 ? internal oscillator enabled clock ? clock used to sync pwm class d table 3 sync clock control the sync pin is compatible with low voltage (eg. 1.8v) logic levels from external devices, and can accept logic 1 digital inputs as low as 1.6v, even though the WM9001 avdd supply minimum is 2.7v. this provides compatibility with a low voltage dvdd on a controlling device such as the wm8991 codec. figure 6 system clock timing requirements please refer to the electrical characteristics for minimum and maximum sync frequencies.
production data WM9001 w pd, march 2010, rev 4.1 17 speaker driver mode select the speaker outputs operate in a btl configuration, in either class ab or class d mode. the speaker driver mode is selected using the cdmode pin. pin name description 7 cdmode class ab/d mode select 0 = class d mode 1 = class ab mode table 4 class ab / d mode control signal boost control six levels of signal boost are available to provide maximum output power for many commonly used spkvdd/avdd combinations. these boost options are available in class ab and class d modes. ac and dc gain levels from 1.0x to 1.8x are selected using the bsel[2:0] input pins. note that acgain = dcgain for all settings. an appropriate s pkvdd s upply voltage must be provided to prevent waveform clipping when signal boost is used. figure 7 signal boost operation pin name description 12,11,10 bsel[2:0] signal boost control 000 = 1.00x boost (+0db) 001 = 1.27x boost (+2.1db) 010 = 1.40x boost (+2.9db) 011 = 1.52x boost (+3.6db) 100 = 1.67x boost (+4.5db) 101 = 1.8x boost (+5.1db) 110 = reserved 111 = reserved table 5 signal boost control to prevent pop noise, the bsel[2:0] settings should not be modified while the speaker outputs are enabled. note that acgain = dcgain for all settings.
WM9001 production data w pd, march 2010, rev 4.1 18 thermal shutdown to protect the WM9001 from damage due to overheating, a thermal shutdown circuit is included. if the junction temperature exceeds approximately 150oc, then the WM9001 will be disabled. note that the internal power dissipation of the WM9001 is significantly higher in class ab mode than in class d mode ? see ?power de-rating? section. it is not possible to disable the thermal shutdown function. rf noise suppression the WM9001 provides internal rf filtering which minimises the impact of high frequency noise in the system. pops / click suppression the WM9001 incorporates mechanisms that reduce audible pops/clicks at the speaker outputs. to prevent pop noise, it is recommended that the bsel, sync, cdmode and inp_sel settings should not be modified while the speaker outputs are enabled. muting the device (setting en = 0) during any update to these settings is recommended.
production data WM9001 w pd, march 2010, rev 4.1 19 applications information typical stand-alone usage the WM9001 may be used as a differential speaker amplifier, as illustrated in figure 8, or as a single-ended speaker amplifier in figure 9. figure 8 operation of WM9001 as stand-alone differential amplifier figure 9 operation of WM9001 as a stand-alone single-ended amplifier in the both configurations dc blocking capacitors are required on the input paths. a typical application might use 1uf capacitors for this purpose, providing a high pass cut-off frequency of less than 20hz. in single-ended mode it is recommend that the unused lin input is connected to analogue ground.
WM9001 production data w pd, march 2010, rev 4.1 20 typical usage with wm8991 codec the WM9001 may be used in conjunction with a codec such as the wm8991 to provide a complete stereo solution. such a solution allows the left and right drivers to be positioned separately as close to the speakers as possible, minimising emi emissions from long speaker cables. in this configuration the en & sync pins may be driven from gpio outputs from the wm8991, and, providing that the wm8991 and WM9001 are connected to the same analogue supply (avdd), then dc blocking capacitors are not required on the lip and lin inputs to WM9001. control interface sdin sclk adcdat adclrc/gpio1 bclk dacdat daclrc mode csb/addr gpio5/dacdat2 gpio6/adclrcb digital audio interface a-law and u-law support tdm support dcvdd dbvdd dgnd spkgnd spkvdd hpvdd hpgnd gpio2/mclk2 gpio3/bclk2 gpio4/daclrc2 mclk pll sysclk mclk2 mclk left adc bypass left mic left line input to left output mixer rx voice - left line input to speaker right line input to speaker rx voice + right line input to right output mixer right mic right adc bypass input pgas input mixers digital core gpio alternative dac interface alternative mclk button control / accessory detect clock output inverted adclrc micbias 50 k 50k v ref avdd agnd vmid lin2 lin1 rin1 lin3/gpi7 rin3/gpi8 rin2 lin4/rxn rin4/rxp + - + - + - + - + - inmixr lin12 lin34 rin34 rin12 ainlmux ainrmux en + - 250k 250k 5k 5k micbias current detect -73db to +6db, 1db steps -73db to +6db, 1db steps + + + + lin2 mixer l dac l dac r mixer r rin2 lin3 l mic r mic r adc bypass l adc bypass dac l dac r r adc bypass l adc bypass l mic r mic rin3 mixer r rxp rxn mix er l mic l mic r mix er l mixer r mic l mic r inverted out r mixer l mixer r inverted out l output mixers lopga ropga high pass filter (voice or hi- fi) high pass filter (voice or hi- fi) + 0db, +6db, +12db, +18db 0 0 adc l adc r + mon o mix -71.625db to +17.625db, 0.375db steps -71.625db to +17.625db, 0.375db steps -71.625db to 0db, 0.375db steps -71.625db to 0db, 0.375db steps -36db to 0db, 3db steps -12db to 0db, 3db steps -12db to 0db, 3db steps 0db, +30db 0db, +30db -12db to +6db -12db to +6db 0db, +30db 0db, +30db -12db to +6db -12db to +6db -16.5db to +30db, 0.75db steps -16.5db to +30db, 0.75db steps -16.5db to +30db, 0.75db steps -16.5db to +30db, 0.75db steps diffinl diffinr out3mix out4mix ropmix ronmix lonmix lopmix dac l dac r + inmixl + + por avdd dcvdd por -12db to +6db - + rxvoice - + -12db to +6db -12db to +6db -12db to +6db rxvoice rin3 lin3 lomix + romix + record r record l ladc bypass radc bypass + mixer l + mixer r spkmix + 0db, -6db, -12db lout out3 out4 lon lop rop ron hp -73db to +6db, 1db steps hp rout -73db to +6db, 1db steps hp hp line line line line 0db, -6db 0db, -6db 0db, -6db 0db, -6db - 1 - 1 spkp spkn sp k 1x, 1.27x , 1.4x, 1.52x , 1.67x 1.8x 1xvmid, 1.27xvmid, 1.4xvmid, 1.52xvmid, 1.67xvmid 1.8xvmid spkpga -73db to +6db, 1db steps differential right channel speaker output left channel speaker output acgain & dcgain set by registers acgain & dcgain set by h/w en sync cdmode set by h/w lin lip avdd + class ab/d speaker driver - spkn spkp agnd spkvdd spkgnd pop/click suppression oscillator thermal shutdown vmid cdmode sync bsel[2:0] d / ab select clock detect device enable agn d avdd acgain acgain dcgain rf noise suppression en output power boost select en inp_sel figure 10 operation of WM9001 in conjunction with wm8991 the en and sync pins are compatible with low voltage (eg. 1.8v) logic levels from external devices, and can accept logic 1 digital inputs as low as 1.6v, even though the WM9001 avdd supply minimum is 2.7v. this provides compatibility with a low voltage dvdd on a controlling device such as the wm8991 codec.
production data WM9001 w pd, march 2010, rev 4.1 21 speaker selection in class d driver mode, the WM9001 output contains high frequency signals resulting from the switched pwm operation. to avoid the need for specific filter components, it is important to make an appropriate choice of loudspeaker. note that, for class ab mode usage, the choice of speaker is not so important as there are no high frequency harmonics in the WM9001 output. the speaker inductance and load resistance create a low-pass filter which, ideally, will attenuate the high frequency class d switching harmonics whilst passing the desired audio frequencies. the 3db cut-off frequency of the speaker inductance and resistance may be calculated as follows: f c = r l / 2 l therefore, for an 8 speaker and a desired 3db cut-off frequency of 20khz, the speaker should be chosen to have an inductance of: l = r l / 2 f c = 8 / 2 * 20khz = 64 h 8 speakers for portable applications typically have an inductance in the range 20 h to 100 h. if the inductance is higher than value calculated above, then the cut-off frequency will be reduced, limiting the audio bandwidth. lower values of inductance will result in a higher cut-off frequency. the class d outputs contain harmonics at much higher frequencies than is recommended for most speakers, and the cut-off frequency of the filter must therefore be low enough to protect the speaker. figure 11 speaker equivalent circuit
WM9001 production data w pd, march 2010, rev 4.1 22 pcb layout considerations the efficiency of the speaker drivers is affected by the series resistance between the WM9001 and the speaker (e.g. inductor esr) as shown in figure 12. this resistance should be as low as possible to [ aximizi efficiency. figure 12 speaker connection losses the distance between the WM9001 and the speakers should be kept to a minimum to reduce series resistance, and also to reduce emi. further reductions in emi can be achieved by additional passive filtering and/or shielding as shown in figure 13. when additional passive filtering is used, low esr components should be chosen to [ aximizi series resistance between the WM9001 and the speaker, [ aximizing efficiency. lc passive filtering will usually be effective at reducing emi at frequencies up to around 30mhz. to reduce emissions at higher frequencies, ferrite beads placed as close to the device as possible will be more effective. WM9001 spkp spkn emi WM9001 spkp spkn short connection reduces emi WM9001 spkp spkn lc filtering reduces emi low esr low esr WM9001 spkp spkn shielding using pcb ground plane (or vdd) reduces emi WM9001 spkp spkn ferrite beads reduce emi lc filtering is more effective at removing emi at frequencies below ~30mhz ferrite beads are more effective at removing emi at frequencies above ~30mhz long, exposed tracks emit more emi figure 13 emi reduction techniques
production data WM9001 w pd, march 2010, rev 4.1 23 recommended external components
WM9001 production data w pd, march 2010, rev 4.1 24 package dimensions dm053.c fl: 16 pin qfn plastic package 3 x 3 x 0.75 mm body, 0.50 mm lead pitch index area (d/2 x e/2) top view d e 4 notes: 1. dimension b applies to metallized terminal and is measured between 0.15 mm and 0.30 mm from terminal tip. 2. falls within jedec, mo-220, variation vggd-2. 3. all dimensions are in millimetres. 4. the terminal #1 identifier and terminal numbering convention shall conform to jedec 95-1 spp-002. 5. coplanarity applies to the exposed heat sink slug as well as the terminals. 6. refer to applications note wan_0118 for further information regarding pcb footprints and qfn package soldering. 7. this drawing is subject to change without notice. a3 b exposed lead dimensions (mm) symbols min nom max note a a1 a3 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.05 0.02 0 0.20 ref b d d2 e e2 e l 0.30 0.20 3.00 bsc 1.75 1.70 1.65 0.50 bsc 0.325 0.375 0.425 2 2 3.00 bsc 1.75 1.70 1.65 0.10 aaa bbb ccc ref: 0.15 0.10 jedec, mo-220, variation vggd-2. tolerances of form and position 0.25 detail 1 detail 2 a 4 1 9 12 16 13 8 e d2 b 5 1 b c bbb m a bottom view c aaa 2 x c aaa 2 x 1 c a3 seating plane detail 2 a1 c 0.08 c ccc a 5 side view l exposed ground paddle 6 detail 1 0.32mm 45 degrees exposed ground paddle e datum detail 2 terminal tip e/2 1 r e2 see detail 2
production data WM9001 w pd, march 2010, rev 4.1 25 important notice wolfson microelectronics plc (?wolfson?) products and services are sold subject to wolfson?s terms and conditions of sale, delivery and payment supplied at the time of order acknowledgement. wolfson warrants performance of its products to the specifications in effect at the date of shipment. wolfson reserves the right to make changes to its products and specifications or to discontinue any product or service without notice. customers should therefore obtain the latest version of relevant information from wolfson to verify that the information is current. testing and other quality control techniques are utilised to the extent wolfson deems necessary to support its warranty. specific testing of all parameters of each device is not necessarily performed unless required by law or regulation. in order to minimise risks associated with customer applications, the customer must use adequate design and operating safeguards to minimise inherent or procedural hazards. wolfson is not liable for applications assistance or customer product design. the customer is solely responsible for its selection and use of wolfson products. wolfson is not liable for such selection or use nor for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a wolfson product. wolfson?s products are not intended for use in life support systems, appliances, nuclear systems or systems where malfunction can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury, death or severe property or environmental damage. any use of products by the customer for such purposes is at the customer?s own risk. wolfson does not grant any licence (express or implied) under any patent right, copyright, mask work right or other intellectual property right of wolfson covering or relating to any combination, machine, or process in which its products or services might be or are used. any provision or publication of any third party?s products or services does not constitute wolfson?s approval, licence, warranty or endorsement thereof. any third party trade marks contained in this document belong to the respective third party owner. reproduction of information from wolfson datasheets is permissible only if reproduction is without alteration and is accompanied by all associated copyright, proprietary and other notices (including this notice) and conditions. wolfson is not liable for any unauthorised alteration of such information or for any reliance placed thereon. any representations made, warranties given, and/or liabilities accepted by any person which differ from those contained in this datasheet or in wolfson?s standard terms and conditions of sale, delivery and payment are made, given and/or accepted at that person?s own risk. wolfson is not liable for any such representations, warranties or liabilities or for any reliance pl aced thereon by any person. address wolfson microelectronics plc westfield house 26 westfield road edinburgh eh11 2qb united kingdom tel :: +44 (0)131 272 7000 fax :: +44 (0)131 272 7001 email :: sales@wolfsonmicro.com

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